Can you reproduce it with the Bibliographic database that comes with OpenOffice? 

You can find the path to the dbf file under Tools - Options... - OpenOffice Base - Databases - Registered databases.
On that table, you'll see "Registered name" - Bibliography; "Database file" something like C:\Users\<user name>\AppData\Roaming\OpenOffice\4\user\database\biblio.odb

The dbf will be something like C:\Users\<user name>\AppData\Roaming\OpenOffice\4\user\database\biblio\biblio.dbf

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With biblio.dbf I cannot reproduce the freeze, but another bug: when you press the button on the toolbar, the rows are selected and it looks like the "Standar Filder" dialog is executed modal; if I click in any place of the window I get a beep, but the dialog isn't visible, there is no way to make the dialog visible, nor close the dialog.

Is this the behavior you are reproducing?

Crash seems a major problem, Blocks 124985

(In reply to Rainer Bielefeld from comment #2)
> Crash seems a major problem, Blocks 124985

This isn't a crash, nor a freeze; could you reproduce any of them?

Created attachment 83466 [details]
Sample Document

With "AOO 4.2.0-Dev – German UI / German locale [AOO420m1(Build:9800)  -   Rev. 1597166 2014-05-20 1]" on German WIN7 Home Premium (64bit)", “historic” 4. User Profile used for all predecessor versions I think I can reproduce the problem, what might be the same you observed:

0. From AOO Start Center open blank new Calc document
2. in menu 'Tools -> Customize -> Keyboard' apply <shift+f10> for 
   Standard Filter (and if you want <shift+f9> for remove filter)
3. Menu 'File -> Open -> bibilo.dbf' With charset UTF-8
4. Menu 'View -> Full Screen'
   > Full screen mode
5. Click cell D1
6. <shift+f10>    
   Expected: Contents selected + Filter dialog appears
   Actual: Contents selected, but no Filter dialog appears
7. Now try to get out of that view, no way (at least I did not find any)

I am pretty sure that this is the same problem Ariel observed, although I can't reproduce the problem "his way" with my sample document.

And I also am pretty sure that this is the problem reporter reported.

There is a trick how to get out of that locked window:
In an additional step 1 open a blank new writer document and switch back to .dbf document
proceed as per instruction,
then 

8. <Alt+Tab> to switch to Writer document
9. Menu 'File -> Save' with arbitrary name
10. Menu 'File -> Exit'
    > Writer document closes
    > Calc Document appears, "Full screen button" to terminate full screen
      mode is visible again
11. Click "Full screen button" 
    > Normal View
    > Filter dialog is visible

So at least a part of the problem seems to be that the Filter dialog opens hidden?

No more time left to check with what Version the bug appeared

Additional info:
(a) for me the problem is not limited to a .dbf. I can reproduce the bug
    with any new empty spreadsheet created from AOO Start Center
(b) Already Reproducible with server installation of "Ooo 3.1.1 
    German WIN7 Home Premium (64bit) DE [OOO310m19 (Build 9420)]"
(c) was still ok with server installation of "OOo 2.0.2 [680m5 (Build 9011)]"
    German WIN7 Home Premium (64bit) 
    and with 1.1.5
(d) I am not 100% sure whether the filter really appears invisible in step 6
(e) also a problem with LibO 4.2

can't reproduce with AOO 4.1 (OO410m18(Build:9764)  -  Rev. 1589052) and MacOS 10.9.3

I get the expected filter dialog can apply the filter and can remove it with crash

it is a valid issue but not easy to fix (focus handling), I don't see a fix in place in time. No showstopper issue because a workaround exists by docking the full screen toolbar button