[ARROW-15617] [Doc][C++] Centralize documentation for environment variables

• Type: Wish
• Status: Resolved
• Priority: Major
• Resolution: Fixed
• Fix Version/s: 8.0.0
• Component/s: C++, Documentation
• Labels: pull-request-available
• External issue URL: https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/31078
• Assignee: Antoine Pitrou
• Reporter: Antoine Pitrou
• Created: 08/Feb/22 18:24
• Updated: 11/Jan/23 11:38
• Resolved: 16/Mar/22 16:21

Description

A number of environment variables can be used to influence how Arrow C++ runs. We should create a dedicated documentation page listing them.

Note that Sphinx has a dedicated directive:
https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/restructuredtext/domains.html#directive-envvar

Issue Links

• links to: GitHub Pull Request #12624