[ARROW-14075] [C++][CI] Add an appveyor CI job for VisualStudio 2019, non-conda

• Type: Improvement
• Status: Resolved
• Priority: Major
• Resolution: Fixed
• Fix Version/s: 8.0.0
• Component/s: C++, Continuous Integration
• External issue URL: https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/29671
• Assignee: Unassigned
• Reporter: Ben Kietzman
• Created: 22/Sep/21 16:19
• Updated: 11/Jan/23 08:37
• Resolved: 13/Apr/22 14:34

Description

From:
https://github.com/apache/arrow/pull/11211#pullrequestreview-761128572

ARROW-14070 removes the VisualStudio 2015 job, which does not use conda packages for dependencies. It'd be useful to test with a newer compiler (existing jobs use VS2017) as well as checking that we can build with a non-conda dependency source (perhaps vcpkg)