When FOP attempts to render a large external graphic, it appears to enter an infinite loop in the "Formatting FOs into areas" stage. It outputs area numbers until it runs out of memory. Shrinking the offending file fixes the problem. The limit appears to be the size of the area available on the page.
This bug persists in 0.20.4rc. I include the smallest example that I can come up with. space-before.optimum="1pt" in the surrounding fo:block seems to be needed to trigger the infinite loop
Created attachment 2119 [details] a short test-case of infinite page creation
Created attachment 2120 [details] a tall image
*** Bug 3475 has been marked as a duplicate of this bug. ***
The patch supplied to resolve bug 8778 resolves this bug as well, halting the infinite loop after a sufficiently large number of attempts at layout.
batch transition pre-FOP1.0 resolved+fixed bugs to closed+fixed