Looks like a possible RFC 2616 MUST violation. The proxy inserts its Via information in the middle of the Via response header list instead of appending it at the end. This violation does not happen when all old Via field-values are listed within one header (single field-name). Also, the proxy seems to handle request headers correctly; only response headers are affected. See attached trace(s) for details and ways to reproduce the violation mentioned above. Test case IDs in the trace link to human-oriented test case description and RFC quotes, if available.
Created attachment 6079 [details] test case trace (3 old Vias in response)
Created attachment 6080 [details] test case trace (3 old Vias in request)
Created attachment 14098 [details] Patch The problem is solved by adding this single line. If a request gets to the server this function is called, and the header fields are pooled. This effects the via-fields as can be seen in the request-TestCase. If a response returns to the proxy server, this polling wasn't done, now it will be.
Indeed, httpd-2.0.54 patched with the patch #14098 merges all Via response headers into one, appends its own Via, and passes the test case.
Fixed in r583155