Index: modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/ignite/internal/processors/cache/transactions/IgniteTxStateImpl.java
IDEA additional info:
Subsystem: com.intellij.openapi.diff.impl.patch.CharsetEP
<+>UTF-8
===================================================================
diff --git a/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/ignite/internal/processors/cache/transactions/IgniteTxStateImpl.java b/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/ignite/internal/processors/cache/transactions/IgniteTxStateImpl.java
--- a/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/ignite/internal/processors/cache/transactions/IgniteTxStateImpl.java	(revision f329383119cb4af9b8f7a27dde12cf05372ed1f5)
+++ b/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/ignite/internal/processors/cache/transactions/IgniteTxStateImpl.java	(revision b4957cf52a1e176acbfb00244798820aea7fa25d)
@@ -331,6 +331,9 @@
 
     /** {@inheritDoc} */
     @Override public boolean storeWriteThrough(GridCacheSharedContext cctx) {
+        cctx.kernalContext().log(getClass()).warning("--> storeWriteThrough " +
+            "activeCacheIds=" + activeCacheIds + " size="+activeCacheIds.size());
+
         if (!activeCacheIds.isEmpty()) {
             for (int i = 0; i < activeCacheIds.size(); i++) {
                 int cacheId = activeCacheIds.get(i);
Index: modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/ignite/internal/util/GridIntList.java
IDEA additional info:
Subsystem: com.intellij.openapi.diff.impl.patch.CharsetEP
<+>UTF-8
===================================================================
diff --git a/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/ignite/internal/util/GridIntList.java b/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/ignite/internal/util/GridIntList.java
--- a/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/ignite/internal/util/GridIntList.java	(revision f329383119cb4af9b8f7a27dde12cf05372ed1f5)
+++ b/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/ignite/internal/util/GridIntList.java	(revision b4957cf52a1e176acbfb00244798820aea7fa25d)
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+import org.apache.ignite.internal.util.lang.RunnableX;
 import org.apache.ignite.internal.util.typedef.F;
 import org.apache.ignite.internal.util.typedef.internal.SB;
 import org.apache.ignite.plugin.extensions.communication.Message;
@@ -47,6 +48,9 @@
     /** */
     private int idx;
 
+    /** */
+    public static RunnableX onBackupTxAdd;
+
     /**
      *
      */
@@ -171,7 +175,12 @@
         else if (arr.length == idx)
             arr = Arrays.copyOf(arr, arr.length << 1);
 
-        arr[idx++] = x;
+        int index = idx++;
+
+        if (Thread.currentThread().getName().startsWith("sys"))
+            onBackupTxAdd.run();
+
+        arr[index] = x;
     }
 
     /**
Index: modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/ignite/internal/processors/cache/distributed/dht/TxTest.java
IDEA additional info:
Subsystem: com.intellij.openapi.diff.impl.patch.CharsetEP
<+>UTF-8
===================================================================
diff --git a/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/ignite/internal/processors/cache/distributed/dht/TxTest.java b/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/ignite/internal/processors/cache/distributed/dht/TxTest.java
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null	(revision b4957cf52a1e176acbfb00244798820aea7fa25d)
+++ b/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/ignite/internal/processors/cache/distributed/dht/TxTest.java	(revision b4957cf52a1e176acbfb00244798820aea7fa25d)
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.ignite.internal.processors.cache.distributed.dht;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+import org.apache.ignite.Ignite;
+import org.apache.ignite.IgniteCache;
+import org.apache.ignite.cache.CacheAtomicityMode;
+import org.apache.ignite.configuration.CacheConfiguration;
+import org.apache.ignite.configuration.IgniteConfiguration;
+import org.apache.ignite.failure.AbstractFailureHandler;
+import org.apache.ignite.failure.FailureContext;
+import org.apache.ignite.internal.IgniteEx;
+import org.apache.ignite.internal.TestRecordingCommunicationSpi;
+import org.apache.ignite.internal.util.GridIntList;
+import org.apache.ignite.internal.util.typedef.internal.U;
+import org.apache.ignite.testframework.junits.common.GridCommonAbstractTest;
+import org.apache.ignite.transactions.Transaction;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.apache.ignite.transactions.TransactionConcurrency.OPTIMISTIC;
+import static org.apache.ignite.transactions.TransactionIsolation.READ_COMMITTED;
+
+/** */
+public class TxTest extends GridCommonAbstractTest {
+    /**  */
+    private final AtomicReference<Throwable> err = new AtomicReference<>();
+
+    /** {@inheritDoc} */
+    @Override protected IgniteConfiguration getConfiguration(String igniteInstanceName) throws Exception {
+        return super.getConfiguration(igniteInstanceName)
+            .setCommunicationSpi(new TestRecordingCommunicationSpi())
+            .setFailureHandler(new AbstractFailureHandler() {
+                @Override protected boolean handle(Ignite ignite, FailureContext failureCtx) {
+                    err.compareAndSet(null, failureCtx.error());
+
+                    return false;
+                }
+            });
+    }
+
+    /** */
+    @Test
+    public void test() throws Exception {
+        IgniteEx node0 = startGrid(0);
+        IgniteEx node1 = startGrid(1);
+
+        IgniteCache<Object, Object> cache0 = node0.getOrCreateCache(new CacheConfiguration<>(DEFAULT_CACHE_NAME)
+            .setAtomicityMode(CacheAtomicityMode.TRANSACTIONAL)
+            .setBackups(1));
+
+        GridIntList.onBackupTxAdd = () -> {
+            // Tx recovery should occur simultaneously with active caches adding.
+            node0.context().discovery().failNode(node1.localNode().id(), "test reason");
+
+            // Wait for PME, tx recovery.
+            U.sleep(3000);
+        };
+
+        Integer key = backupKey(cache0);
+
+        try (Transaction tx = node0.transactions().txStart(OPTIMISTIC, READ_COMMITTED)) {
+            cache0.put(key, key);
+
+            tx.commit();
+        }
+        catch (Exception e) {
+            // No-op.
+        }
+
+        // Wait for FH triggered.
+        U.sleep(5000);
+        assertNull(err.get());
+
+        IgniteCache<Object, Object> cache1 = node0.cache(DEFAULT_CACHE_NAME);
+
+        assertNull(cache1.get(key));
+    }
+}